Novikov L., Ishchenko K., Kinash R. The influence of explosive charge design on the character of solid medium fragmentation

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Parent Category: Geo-Technical Mechanics, 2025

Category: Geo-Technical Mechanics, 2025, Issue 173

Geotech. meh. 2025, 173, 70-78

 

THE INFLUENCE OF EXPLOSIVE CHARGE DESIGN ON THE CHARACTER OF SOLID MEDIUM FRAGMENTATION

¹Novikov L.

¹Ishchenko K.

²Kinash R.

¹M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

²AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland

UDC 622.235

Language: English

Abstract. Underground extraction of mineral resources using blasting methods is accompanied by the release of dust and gases into the mine atmosphere. This factor becomes particularly significant with the intensification of technological processes and in cases of ventilation system malfunction. The purpose of the work is to research the influence of explosive charge design, type and parameters of stemming on the processes of solid medium fragmentation. Stemming, in the context of blasting and drilling, refers to the process of filling a borehole with a stemming material, typically a granular substance like crushed rock or sand, after the explosive charge has been placed. This creates a plug that confines the explosive energy, improving the efficiency and safety of the blast. Experimental studies were conducted to determine the total mass concentration of fine dust particles during the fragmentation of sand-cement models using explosive charges, as well as to observe the dynamics of crack development in organic glass models subjected to blast-induced fragmentation. Stemming of the charge cavities was carried out using materials of varying lengths and compositions. It was established that, during the explosive fragmentation of sand-cement models, there are two distinct ranges of change in the mass concentration of fine dust particles. In the first range, the concentration increases proportionally with the relative length of the stemming. In the second range, an inverse relationship is observed as the relative stemming length increases, the concentration decreases. In particular, the lowest dust concentration was observed when a hardening expansion mixture was used as stemming, whereas the highest concentration occurred with sand stemming. This effect can be attributed to the redistribution of explosive energy along the charge length and the reduction of specific impulse in the near-blast zone, where intense fragmentation of the solid medium occurs. It was also found that, at the initial stage of explosive fragmentation in organic glass models, a network of cracks forms along the entire charge length. In the final stage of fragmentation, an oriented system of cracks develops in the end part of the charge and extends into the depth of the model. The use of a hardening stemming mixture leads to prolonged containment of detonation gases and more efficient utilization of explosive energy. As a result, compared to other types of stemming, cracks of greater length are formed in the end zone of the charge cavity in the organic glass models.

Keywords: explosive fragmentation, dust particles, mass concentration, charge cavity, stemming, network of cracks.

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Novikov Leonid, Candidate of Technical Sciences (Ph.D), Senior Researcher in Department of Geomechanics of Mineral Opencast Mining Technology, M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IGTM NAS of Ukraine), Dnipro, Ukraine, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. (Corresponding author).

Ishchenko Kostiantyn, Doctor of Technical Sciences (D.Sc), Senior Researcher in Department of Geomechanics of Mineral Opencast Mining Technology, M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IGTM of the NAS of Ukraine), Dnipro, Ukraine, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. .

Kinash Roman, Doctor of Technical Sciences (D.Sc), Professor, Doctor in Department of Geomechanics, Civil Engineering and Geotechnics, AGH University of Science and Technology (AGH UST), Krakow, Poland,  This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. .

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